ZaraCloth Case Study

The Zara model looks rather sustainable, as it covers several layers of population. Clothes manufacturing plays one of the key market roles in the global business industry. Since it has made use of many employees from different countries, Zara’s success is obvious.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on ZaraCloth Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is not uncommon when a country of lower economic development produces goods for a nation that is well established and the economy is high, so this should be made the case with this company, which will allow taking business to even more countries. Because the garment industry is particularly a developing field that has seen a great demand in the past decades, Zara has a lot of room to develop and innovate. It is understandable that the economics, market value and differences between products and services all play a role in who gets employment and what so rt of company becomes the partner. When looking at economics, there are few things to have in mind. Different countries and nations have different economies. The system of trade and relations between businesses are guided by culture and society. Some places have better economies, so in order to stay successful, Zara must adjust to the locality and people’s economical conditions. The market is also different. There are certain things that people need, so the demand on the market is special for every country. Globalization has majorly impacted business and the differences can be seen as well. Some countries are becoming over developed with abundant clothes supply and thus, competition is one of the major determinants of direction (Jennings 4). Familiarization with other companies will allow for the adjustment of own production. One of the keys for business development is making sure that the demand is high. The international business has made its way to many countries and so, a close connection with people—both employees and the population must be upheld to the highest standards. The intertwined relationship between the suppliers in a country, the working conditions and the superpowers or other well developed regions of the world show that the mutual dependence of the company’s internal structure and business environment determines success.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since sometimes the pressures for local responsiveness are low, taking the business to other places will guarantee stable income and product or service flow for the specific group of people. It is obvious that with such global organization, countries that are more developed will continue receiving their products, as the need is always present, while the conditions oversees might be very poor. It is important to consider the reality of economies and conditions i n the country and adjust to the society (Bruce 15). Also, a business must have unique features, as it gives an opportunity to do something special, which no one has done before. An aggressive approach makes the company stand out in a market filled with ideas. An existing idea can be made better, if it will be based on something concrete but at the same time, belong only to oneself. The present economy in the world makes owning a business very risky, so careful research of the future social changes and industry must be made. Design of an organization also plays an important role in the market. The structural design of a business relates to how a business functions and the internal working and manipulations of the necessary systems. To compete with others, the design must be enhanced through innovation, but there are cases when past styles or techniques are used. Overall, the stability within the company will transfer over to the market and ensure stable clients. One of the indicators of success for Zara is its involvement with the local population. As it already has experience with people’s visual demands for clothes, the same can be said about the home goods field. The company has knowledge of the functional appeal of products and services, so the change of direction is not completely different from the previous one. The design of products that are used to perform some sort of function can be observed through the engineering ideas put into the product. The management has shown that designing more useful, functioning and appealing product is the main goal. As a result, the connection with the population will be kept through similar techniques. The visual design also presents a great deal about the organization, as it sends out a message of what the business is involved in and how it plans to deliver best and most useful service or products (Pride 23). Decorating clothes needs a lot of imagination and ability to understand how to mix visual appeal and fun ctionality.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on ZaraCloth Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the home goods field, the same requirements are present, and many things from previous experience can be united with the new field. There is some risk in relation to the changing economy and the priorities that people set. As there is a decline in the employment, people might put a hold on the dà ©cor of the homes, so an area for the business must be chosen wisely. Works Cited Bruce, Margaret. Design in Business: Strategic Innovation Through Design. Essex, England: Pearson Education, 2002. Print. Jennings, Marianne. Business: Its Legal, Ethical and Global Environment. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2005. Print. Pride, William. Business. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. This case study on ZaraCloth Case Study was written and submitted by user Makenzie U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Essays

Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Essays Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Paper Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled Paper For each of the texts, analyse how links between the beginning and end helped you understand a main theme or issue. The World War One poet, Wilfred Owen, wrote two poems named ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ and ‘Disabled’. The main themes running throughout both poems are that of the pain and worthlessness of war, and the crime towards the young soldiers it was. The beginning and ending of these two poems link these ideas through the use of imagery contrast and language features. The poem ‘disabled’ begins by describing a physically and mentally destroyed soldier, clearly a result of war, welcoming darkness to come and end his misery by taking him away. The image of a â€Å"wheeled chair† implies that he is disabled and probably dependent on others. Legless, sewn short at elbow† further implies the disability of the persona. Wilfred Owen describes him as a ‘ghastly suit of grey’ painting a picture of a colourless and lifeless man, an idea that is driven home through the use of the word ghastly, which the reader may easily mistake for ‘ghostly’. â€Å"Voices of boys rang saddening† reminds him of the old times when he used to be like them, playing and enjoying himself. The language used in this description of these boys carries very positive connotations, ‘play and pleasure’, in contrast to the dull words used to describe the wounded soldier. Darkness fell too quickly for these boys who were forced to end their games and retire inside, unlike the soldier who welcomed nightfall. The two contrasting sentences are used as juxtaposition, and set up the main theme of the poem, that would be the resentment and anger Owen had towards those at home who organized the war, and the sympathy he had towards the young men who had their lives taken away from them. Throughout the poem, Wilfred Owen illustrates how injury on the football field would be met with glory and pride, knowing you had put your body on the line for your team, but injury on the battlefield was neither glorious nor fulfilling ‘one time he liked a blood smear down his leg, after matches carried shoulder high†¦Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer goal, only a solemn man who brought him fruits thanked him’. The poem then switches back to the immobilized soldier, who through the destruction of war ad become an object, unable to fend for himself, once a very capable athlete, now reduced to a wheelchair. This links in with the first idea introduced in the poem of children having their childhood and potential life stolen from them by war. The second poem, also by Wilfred Owen, is called ‘Dulce et Decorum est’. The beginning of DEDE depicts the tiredness and pain caused by war. The poem opens with a group of soldiers, ‘bent double lik e beggars under old sacks’ trudging back to camp. The men are described as ‘marching asleep’ and ‘all went lame, all blind’ to show that their senses had collapsed and they were moving like zombies, not even bothered by the ‘outstripped five-nines that dropped behind’. This introduces the theme that young men had grown tired of the war, and tells the reader of the negative effects and pain war caused its victims. This is a complete contrast to the title ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ which translates to ‘it is sweet and right’, and this may shock the reader. As the poem progresses, it focuses on a man who couldn’t fit his gas mask in time when they were attacked. The scene is compared, through use of a metaphor, to being underwater as the gas drowns its victim who was left ‘floundering’. Owen then switches style and appeals to the reader ‘if in some smothering dreams you too could pace†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This is used to make the reader think about what it would be like to actually be there in the war, which once again, is aimed to shock. The killed soldier then becomes an object ‘the wagon we flung him in’. Very negative images are then used by Owen, such as cancer and hell, to further the pain and suffering caused by war. Owen ends the poem with sarcasm and the irony of the World War One quote ‘Dulce et Decorum est, Pro Patria Mori’ ‘It is sweet and right to die for your country’. This links in with the start of the poem which is intended to shock the reader and the truth about the destruction and pain of war, compared to the lie they had been given of the glory and honour to fight and die fighting for your country. In conclusion, Wilfred Owen writes two poems to shock his readers and enlighten them about how awful war really was. Both the beginning and end of each poem are linked throughout, and therefore, they retain the same messages throughout. These messages are reinforced through strong language features, contrast and imagery which play on the reader’s emotions and allows them to fully understand the magnitude of the war.

Ayuba Suleiman Diallo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ayuba Suleiman Diallo - Essay Example ebruary 1730, upon hearing that there was a ship docked at the Gambia River, Ayuba’s father sent him to sell two slaves to the captain of the ship, he was also to buy paper and other necessities.2 During the trade, Ayuba could agree on a price with the captain of the ship, Captain Pike. He instead decided to cross the river to the country of Mandingoes who were the enemy of the people of Futa and sold the slaves to another African trader who bought them for two cows.3 On his return home, a group of Mandingoes raider captured and enslaved him. The raiders shaved Ayuba’s head, a sign of indignity, so as to appear like the other slaves.4 After all this, they went ahead and sold him as a slave to the whites. Ironically, the buyer was Captain Pike, the same buyer that he had tried to negotiate a price with for the two slaves he had earlier been sent to sell by his father. After some period of trading at river Gambia, Captain Pike’s ship sailed, and in it was Ayuba Suleiman Diallo. According to Bluett’s memoir, the ship was heading to Maryland, a British colony on the North America. On board the ship, Ayuba found means to talk to the captain, he told him that he was the same man whom they had tried to negotiate a price for the two slaves some days back.5 Captain Pike, gave Ayuba a chance to send a message to his father explaining the situation and asking for help. This message could not reach his father before it was too late for they were close to docking at Maryland. Upon arrival, Ayuba and the other slaves were delivered to their new owner, Mr. Rachel Denton. During the journey to London, Ayuba was very devoted and consistent in prayers.6 He also learnt English. Upon arrival in England, he was offered a place to stay by Captain Hunt, who was his host. At this period, they had parted with Mr. Bluett, but when he, Ayuba, heard a rumor that Mr. Hunt was planning to sell him contacted Mr. Bluett and told him of the rumor. Mr. Bluett offered him refuge in

School Organizational Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Organizational Health - Assignment Example Curriculum, as Freiberg says, are academic standards that are adhered to by the teachers, this ensures that they meet their target at the end of the term. The Leader teacher must concentrate on this area in order to see that their institutions move to greater heights in the education graph, hence increasing the number of students joining in the institution. For example, a good institution will always have more students enrolling every year (Freiberg, 1999). The task is what we engage in our day to day activities to win our daily bread, the Leader teacher influences this difficult duty by ensuring that everything that is needed for the job is in position at the right moment, teachers are motivated to carry out their duty well and in time. For example, a head teacher who ensures that learning materials are in place at the right time and teachers are in class in time, his/her institution has a greater chance to improve amicably (Freiberg, 1999). Freiberg has put across that good relationship at work matters a lot in every organization set up, this is how people relate to an organization which is a key factor for the organization to succeed. The good relationship at work creates an excellent working environment. As a leader one should enhance good relationship at work in order to achieve the set objectives. For example, an institution with the bad teacher to student relationship always fails at the end (Freiberg, 1999). Every person has a gift that should be proud of. These are gifts that need to be natured otherwise one may never realize them at all. A teacher has a mandate to encourage the students to diversify their talents by buying the equipment needed by the institution and involve themselves in co-curriculum activities such as footballs, netballs etc. For example, students cannot appreciate the facility if their talents are not enhanced at all (Freiberg, 1999).

Special Education in United Stated Research Paper

Special Education in United Stated - Research Paper Example lic school enrollment in the 2008-2009 school year, it is also important to note that when compared with the number of students receiving special education services in the 1980-1981 school year, which was 4.1 million, it can only be estimated that more students will need special education services in the coming years (Aud et al, 2011). According to a report done on behalf of the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, special education is defined as â€Å"instruction that is specially designed to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability.† A â€Å"disability† can be further defined as a physical disability, mental disability, or even a learning disability, in which while everything appears to be functioning on the outside, inside the head of the student whatever messages are sent are not clearly received, whether these messages involve spoken or written words, and can impair the ability of the student to do things such as speak, read, spel l, write, or calculate numbers at the same pace as their peers (Aud et al, 2011). These learning disabilities are further defined by scientific terms and research, given names such as autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, and others (Aud et al, 2011). With the services offered by special education throughout the school systems across the United States today, a means of educating students with any form of disability is now available, and can enable them to not only absorb the information being given to them but also to retain and use that information to their benefit, whether immediately or throughout their life. The individualization of special education is its greatest asset to the educational system, yet it also makes it difficult to give an overall description of what is offered, as well as what it... This paper approves that there can be no doubt that special education has followed its own long and winding road in terms of the services that are offered and the process that takes place. From the days in which those with disabilities were either left to be a burden on their families without a place in the world, to being housed at the expense of others in state institutions, to being allowed to pursue an almost mainstream education alongside their peers, special education has gone from being seen as a social stigma to almost commonplace. This paper makes a conclusion that above all else, a huge debt of thanks and gratitude is owed to the pioneers of special education. To those such as Thomas Gallaudet, who believed that the deaf should not have to grow up in a silent world with no words to sustain them. To John Fisher and Samuel Gridley Howe, who were unwilling to accept that the world of darkness for the blind was the only world they should know. To the politicians and forward-thinkers, the philosophers and the reformers, to everyone who felt that education for all should be the norm, and not an unacceptable, unattainable goal. To those that worked endlessly to make others notice the plight of those left at the mercy of the state, called insane or â€Å"not right† because of disability. No matter what laws are passed, no matter what legislation is put in place and what education is received today because of it, without the people of history and their way of thinking, it would not exist at all.

Efficiency Rationales For Vertical Restraints Economics Essay

Efficiency Rationales For Vertical Restraints Economics Essay INTRODUCTION Competition law history shows that since the early 70s, many economists have developed a more thorough theoretical and empirical knowledge into the workings of vertical restraints. The new theories are often rooted in principal-agent theory, where the supplier is the principal and the distributor is the agent, and vertical contracts are used to align incentives to resolve information asymmetries between the two. (Niels, G, Jenkins, H and Kavanagh, J, 2011). VERTICAL RESTRAINTS In nearly all markets across the world, products are made in different stages and manufacturers do not sell their products directly to the final consumer but via intermediaries, distributors, wholesalers, retailers etc. The treatment of vertical agreements under competition law is different when compared to horizontal agreements. When goods and services are complements, price cuts cause an opposite effect.  [1]  Price cuts by one company will tend to stimulate demand for complementary products. This effect is again an external effect, and the price-cutting company will normally not take it into account. Thus, each firm has an interest in seeing price cuts by suppliers of complementary products. A joint profit-maximizing agreement between complementary firms will then seek to internalize the price externalities and lead to price reduction. This is exactly in the interest of the consumers. As a result, an agreement entered into by providers of complementary products is unlikely to be bad for welfare.  [2]   According to M.Motta (2004) some of the most common examples of vertical restraints are: Non-linear pricing. Quantity discounts Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) Quantity fixing. Exclusivity clauses EFFICIENCY RATIONALES FOR VERTICAL RESTRAINTS It is recognized that vertical restraints promote non-price competition and improved quality of services. When a firm has no or limited market power it will try to increase its gains by optimizing its processes. According to the EU Commission Notice: Guidelines on Vertical Restraints (2000/ C 291/01) In a number of situations vertical restraints may be helpful in this respect since the usual arms length dealings between supplier and buyer, determining only price and quantity of a certain transaction, can lead to a sub-optimal level of investments and sales. In a business environment producers would usually benefit from strong competition among the retailers. Therefore any restrictions imposed must have as a rationale- efficiency motives. The most common pro-competitive explanations are: Elimination of double marginalization: If a product has to go through many intermediaries before reaching the final consumer, the mark-ups imposed by each on top of the costs may result in excessive pricing. Double marginalization problem can be overcome by vertical integration or through vertical agreements (a looser form) as well as by means of some clauses, such as RPM or two-part tariffs. Another important justification revolves around the free rider problem which is of two-types- rival suppliers and rival distributors. Retailers might have low incentive to invest in services, as these are difficult to fully appropriate. Others may free ride on a full-service retailers effort to increase demand. As a result, without restrictive clauses, there will be under-provision of services, to the detriment of consumers. Secondly, in order to increase the demand, producers may be willing to invest in the retailers services such as training etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. However, this incentive would be removed by the possibility that other producers enjoy the positive spillover from this investment. Exclusive dealing can counteract this concern. The hold-up problem. When there are client-specific investments to be made by either the supplier or the buyer, such as in special equipment or training. The investor may not commit the necessary investments before particular supply arrangements are fixed. European Commission. Commission Notice: Guidelines on Vertical Restraints. Brussels. SEC (2010) 411. Alleviation of commitment problem: when a manufacturer holds market power and can sell a specific input to more retailers, it cannot credibly commit not to renegotiate the contract once it has already been signed. Due to this, the manufacturer cannot fully enjoy the market power unless some contractual clauses make the commitment credible. Finally, other efficiency motives of vertical restraints exist such as economies of scale in distribution, reduction in transaction costs, capital market imperfections, increasing brand image, uniformity and quality standardization. In essence, the economically sound presumption is that vertical restraints are efficiency-enhancing, may enhance inter-brand competition or foster the relationship-specific investments and help the development of new markets. In addition, vertical restraints may thus result in a reduction in prices, increase in demand and higher consumer welfare effects. INTERBRAND VERSUS INTRABRAND COMPETITION Generally, when there is substantial market power at the level of the supplier or the buyer even if at both levels, vertical agreements will likely to raise competition concern. It is important at this juncture to make explicit the distinction between interbrand and intrabrand competition. Interbrand competition is between suppliers selling different brands of goods of similar kind. This means interbrand competition takes place within the relevant market. On the other hand, intrabrand competition (including price competition) is between retailers selling the same brand of a product. Interbrand competition, rather than intrabrand competition, is the primary focus of antitrust law  [3]  and the correlation between intrabrand and interbrand competition forms the basis for decisions in respect of the lessening of both. The protection of interbrand and intrabrand becomes vital when there is inadequate interbrand competition. In the Research Handbook on International Competition Law 2012, pg 431, (Dobson, Paul W. Waterson, Michael, 2007) stated that in cases where the interbrand competition in the market is not as strong, intrabrand competition might become more important because intrabrand competition can reintroduce the loss of competitive pressure from other brands. Taking into account intrabrand and interbrand competition is important to determine the impact of vertical restraints on competition. In certain scenario, introducing vertical restraints can be a means to dilute competition upstream between manufacturers that do not compete directly face to face but through their retailers. Furthermore, as interbrand and intrabrand rivalry intensifies, all prices (regardless of supply arrangements) fall towards marginal costs. POTENTIAL HARM TO COMPETITION Whish, R and Bailey, D (2012) outlines four possible negative effects arising from vertical restraints under EU law: Anti-competitive foreclosure of other suppliers or buyers by raising barriers to entry. Softening of competition between the supplier and its competitors and/or facilitation of both explicit and tacit collusion, often referred to as a reduction of interbrand competition. Softening of competition between the buyer and its competitors and/or facilitation of collusion, commonly referred to as a reduction of intra-brand competition between distributors of the same brand. The creation of obstacles to market integration. The above negative effects may result from various vertical restraints. The negative effects on competition will be analyzed mainly concentrating on two groups for the purpose of this assignment. Single branding are those agreements which have as their core the inducement of the buyer to concentrate orders for a particular type of product with one supplier. The four main negative effects on competition and interbrand competition are (1) other suppliers in that market cannot sell to the particular buyers and this may lead to foreclosure of the market or, in the case of tying, to foreclosure of the market for the tied product, (2) it makes market shares more rigid and this may help collusion when applied by several suppliers, (3) as far as the distribution of final goods is concerned, the particular retailers will only sell one brand and there will therefore be no interbrand competition on their shops (no in-store competition) (4) in the case of tying ,the buyer may pay a higher price for the tied product. EU Commission Notice: Guidelines on Vertical Restraints (2000/ C 291/01) Limited distribution is those agreements which have as their core that the manufacturer sells to one or a limited number of buyers. There are three main negative effects on competition: (1) certain buyers within that market can no longer buy from that particular supplier, and this may lead in particular in the case of exclusive supply, to foreclosure of the purchase market, (2) when most or all of the competing suppliers limit the number of retailers, this may facilitate collusion, either at the distributors level or at the suppliers level, and (3) since fewer distributors will offer the product it will also lead to a reduction of intra-brand competition. In the case instance of wide exclusive territories or exclusive customer allocation the result may be total elimination of intra-brand competition. This reduction of intra-brand competition can in turn lead to a weakening of interbrand competition. EU Commission Notice: Guidelines on Vertical Restraints (2000/ C 291/01) Entry deterrence: one of the most obvious concerns is represented by the possibility that vertical restrictions are strategically used to deter entry in either level of the chain, by foreclosing access to inputs or to customers and in the long run they can be used to raise significant barriers to entry if competition is not already substantial. Under Bertrand competition, downstream manufacturers can strategically use some vertical clauses to encourage retailers to behave in a less aggressive way and reap a higher profit. Exclusive arrangements are generally worse for competition than non-exclusive arrangements. In essence, the potential for anticompetitive outcomes depends upon factors such as the market power of the firms involved, the presence of a minimum scale to cover fixed costs, the share of downstream market covered by the restraints and the nature of competition downstream. CONCLUSION The fact that vertical agreements are agreements concluded between companies in a vertical relationship suggests that they can often be regarded as positive. However, economic literatures on vertical restraints have shown both pro and anti-competitive effects. Both price and non-price may either increase or decrease economic welfare: the crucial importance is not the restraints used but the context in which it is used and the goal that it is supposed to achieve. The EU Commission has observed that market structure plays an important role in determining the impact of vertical restraints: The fiercer is interbrand competition, the more likely are the pro-competitive and efficiency effects to outweigh any anti-competitive effects of vertical restraints. Anti-competitive effects are only likely where interbrand competition is weak and there are barriers to entry at either producer or distributor level. In addition it is recognised that contracts in the distribution chain reduce transaction costs, and allow the potential efficiencies in distribution to be realised. In contrast, there are cases where vertical restraints raise barriers to entry or further dampen horizontal competition in oligopolistic markets.  [4]   In addition, EU Regulation 2790/1999 recognized the importance of market power in establishing whether or not vertical restraints can have important anti-competitive effects. As per the OECD: Joint Group on Trade and Competition Paper, the efficiency enhancing effect and benefit to consumers from vertical restraints is likely to dominate with the exception of vertical restraints being used to facilitate collusion, it is highly improbable that such restraints will have net anti-competitive effects unless there is either: market power on at least one level in the market or the restraint, either on its own or in concert with other vertical restraints, has the power to exclude or disadvantage a significant number of competitors anti-competitive effects are only likely where interbrand competition is weak and there are barriers to entry, (d) causing foreclosure of competitors. Accordingly, the approach taken by many competition authorities on vertical restraints is a careful case by case analysis. . BIBLIOGRAPHIES/REFERENCES Niels, G, Jenkins, H and Kavanagh, J.: Economics for Competition Lawyers (Oxford University Press, 2011). Motta, M, Competition Policy: Theory and Practice (Cambridge University Press, 2004) Whish, R and Bailey, D (2012). Competition Law. 7th edn. Oxford University Press. Swedish Competition Authority. 2008. The pros and cons of vertical restraints. ISBN 978-91-88566-44-7 http://www.konkurrensverket.se/upload/Filer/Trycksaker/Rapporter/ProsCons/rap_pros_and_cons_vertical_restraints.pdf [Accessed 10/02/2013] D.Harbord and N-H von der Fehr. The Law and Economics of Vertical Restraints: An Overview. (December 10, 2007) http://www.market-analysis.co.uk/PDF/Reports/Vertical%20Restraints_%2010December07.pdf [Accessed 10/02/2013] V. Verouden, Vertical Agreements: Motivation and Impact, in 3 ISSUES IN COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY 1813 (ABA Section of Antitrust Law 2008). Chapter 72. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/competition/economist/vertical_agreements.pdf [Accessed 07/02/2013] D. Geradin and C M da Silva Pereira Neto. FOR A RIGOROUS EFFECTS-BASED ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL RESTRAINTS ADOPTED BY DOMINANT FIRMS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU AND BRAZILIAN COMPETITION LAW. June 2012 http://www.cedes.org.br/inscricao/pdf/final-study-on-vertical-restraints-final-clean.pdf [Accessed on 05/02/2013] F Lafontaine and M Slade. Exclusive Contracts and Vertical Restraints: Empirical Evidence and Public Policy, (Journal of Economic Literature classification numbers: L42, L81), September 2005. http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/academic/slade/wp/ecsept2005.pdf [Accessed on 05/02/2013] C Berkouk and I Masiero. The evolution of the legal assessment of vertical restraints in European and US antitrust law. Master in Competition and Market Regulation 2010/11. http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/economia/80_ACCO/Documents/Arxius/Tesines%20BGSE/03.evolution_vertical_restraints_us_europe.pdf [Accessed on 05/02/2013] Competition Commission. GUIDELINES FOR MARKET INVESTIGATIONS. Their role, assessment, remedies and procedures, CC3 (Revised). June 2012 http://www.competitioncommission.org.uk/assets/competitioncommission/docs/2012/consultations/market_guidlines_main_text.pdf [Accessed on 02/02/2013] William F. Baxter. The Viability of Vertical Restraints Doctrine, 75 Cal. L. Rev. 933 (1987). http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1939context=californialawreviewsei-redir=1referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.sc%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dvertical%2Brestraints%2Bcannot%2Bharm%2Bcompetition%2Bbecause%2Bthey%2Bare%2Bagreements%2Bbetween%2Bcomplementary%2Bproducts%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D39%26cad%3Drja%26ved%3D0CFUQFjAIOB4%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fscholarship.law.berkeley.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1939%2526context%253Dcalifornialawreview%26ei%3DgL8YUYMpgamEB9H2gYAG%26usg%3DAFQjCNFXuKgSEABvJvAEdfAFxvC0WBinGg%26bvm%3Dbv.42080656%2Cd.d2k#search=%22vertical%20restraints%20cannot%20harm%20competition%20because%20agreements%20between%20complementary%20products%22 [Accessed on 02/02/2013] Verouden, V. (2003), Vertical agreements and Article 81(1) EC: The evolving role of economic analysis, Antitrust Law Journal, 71: 525-75. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40843595?uid=3738968uid=2uid=4sid=21101826877577 [Accessed on 18/02/2013] P Dobson and M Waterson. Vertical restraints and competition policy. (Office of Fair Trading, Research Paper 12, 1996) http://www.oft.gov.uk/shared_oft/reports/comp_policy/oft177.pdf [Accessed on 13/02/2013] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Joint Group on Trade and Competition. COMPETITION AND TRADE EFFECTS OF VERTICAL RESTRAINTS. COM/DAFFE/CLP/TD(99)54 http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?doclanguage=encote=com/daffe/clp/td(99)54 [Accessed on 13/02/2013] G Tan. The Economic Theory of Vertical Restraints. (Report prepared for the Competition Bureau, Canada). Department of Economics, University of British Columbia. October 9, 2001. http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~guofutan/research/vertical.pdf [Accessed on 13/02/2013] Ezrachi. A. Research Handbook on International Competition Law. (2012). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978 085793 4796. http://books.google.sc/books?id=mH5tU2g_-cgCpg=PA431lpg=PA431dq=the+importance+of+the+distinction+between+interbrand+and+intrabrand+competitionsource=blots=iaL78pSpGfsig=iEpLZdBweIkVyzI-GPvhRk-gpbQhl=crssa=Xei=6hFIUcq8F8T1sgajpIDIBAved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=the%20importance%20of%20the%20distinction%20between%20interbrand%20and%20intrabrand%20competitionf=false [Accessed on 19/03/2012] Odie Strydom, Intrabrand competitive analysis in South Africa: Get the economics right http://www.compcom.co.za/assets/Uploads/events/10-year-review/parallel-4b/Odie-Strydom-Competition-Conference.pdf [Accessed on 19/03/2012] Glynn, D (2012). Vertical Restraints and Cartel. Postgraduate Diploma/Masters in Economics for Competition Law, 2012/13, Kings College London. Rey, P and Verge, T. The Economics of Vertical Restraints. (Paper prepared for the conference on Advances of the Economics of Competition Law in Rome). March 2005 http://www.economics.soton.ac.uk/staff/verge/Verticals.pdf. [Accessed on 13/02/2013] European Commission. Commission Notice: Guidelines on Vertical Restraints. Brussels. SEC (2010) 411. http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/guidelines_vertical_en.pdf. [Accessed on 13/02/2013] Official Journal of the European Communities. (Information). COMMISSION. COMMISSION NOTICE. Guidelines on Vertical Restraints. (2000/C 291/01) http://www.hartpub.co.uk/updates/Korah/vert-restr.pdf [Accessed on 13/02/2013] Massey, P.COMPETITION AUTHORITY. DISCUSSION PAPER No. 4. The Treatment of Vertical Restraints under Competition Law. May 1998. http://www.tca.ie/images/uploaded/documents/Discussion_Paper_4.pdf [Accessed on 15/02/2013] Vertical Restraints and Vertical Mergers. Chapter 6. February 14, 2003. http://www.mef.gub.uy/competencia/documentos/cap6.pdf [Accessed on 15/02/2013] Green Paper on Vertical Restraints in EC Competition Policy. http://europa.eu/documents/comm/green_papers/pdf/com96_721_en.pdf [Accessed on 15/02/2013] Raychaudhuri, T. Vertical Restraints in Competition Law: The need to strike the right balance between regulation and competition. NUJS Law Review. 4 NUJS L. Rev.609 (2011). October December 2011. http://www.manupatra.co.in/newsline/articles/Upload/6097B1F7-1176-43FB-9769-431909913298.pdf [Accessed on 15/02/2013]

Essay --

diamalkan pada hari ini, masyarakat Islam sebenarnya masih tidak dapat lari daripada menjadi mangsa urusniaga berteraskan riba. Ini adalah kerana dasar ekonomi global adalah dimonopoli oleh kaum bukan Islam. Inilah cabaran yang telah mewujudkan jurang yang ketara dari segi ekonomi di antara komuniti di dalam Tamadun Islam berbanding komuniti lain. Selain itu, faktor sejarah juga telah meletakkan bidang ekonomi sebagai suatu cabaran dialog antara pelbagai tamadun yang terdapat di Malaysia pada hari ini. Kesan daripada penjajahan British di Tanah Melayu telah mewujudkan perbezaan sektor ekonomi antara kaum. Penjajah British melalui Sistem Kangany telah membawa masuk buruh dari India Selatan bermula pada tahun 1890 sehingga 1938. Mereka telah ditempatkan untuk bekerja di ladang-ladang getah. Sementara itu, menjelang tahun 1820-an, buruh-buruh Cina pula telah di bawa masuk ke tanah Melayu. Mereka ditempatkan di lombong-lombong bijih timah. Oleh kerana sikap gigih dan sanggup bersusah payah untuk maju, kaum Cina telah berjaya membeli dan menguasai sebahagian besar lombong-lombong biji...

Inquisitorial System

When talking bout parliament, we will imagine the debate between MSP regarding political issues as this situation is shown by the media but they are not aware of the real functions of parliament that is to enact law and they don't even make their own research about the parliament. This research is focusing on the publics awareness of the structures and functions of the Malaysian parliament. This research will attempt to distinguish the awareness of the parliamentary issues between Arts and Sciences programmer students. Malaysia practices Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy. The Parliamentary system is the system where the representative of each respective area discusses among them regarding any current issues that arise in Malaysia. Parliament of Malaysia consists of 292 members.Malaysia has three branches of power which are executive, legislative and Judiciary and parliament is under the legislative branch that acts as legislature which enacts laws. The comparison be tween the Malaysian Parliament and other nations is that the proceeding process in our parliament still in normal condition which can be classified as safe compared to others like Taiwan where the proceeding in their parliament has to be postponed cause of fighting between the two parties in the parliament hall. Same goes to Ukraine when both parties fight among them and as a result debates and discussions cannot be continued and public matters cannot be deliberated on.In Romania their situation goes a little bit worse than others not because of the parties fight but because of the suicide attempt in their parliament hall. As an introduction, this research will focus on observing the knowledge between arts programs and sciences programs students. The verdict for this project is the arts program students are more concerned about the parliamentary system in Malaysia marred to sciences program students. Although the objective of this research is to distinguish the knowledge of the arts students and sciences students regarding the Malaysian Parliament, but it also to provide extra knowledge to certain students who have no idea regarding the parliamentary system in Malaysia.On the other hand, it also enhances the students' patriotism and also builds a new generation with a good knowledge of Malaysian parliament that will hopefully lead to producing good future leaders. ARTICLE SUMMARY The Doctrine of Ministerial Responsibility in Malaysia: Theory and Practice in a New Regime of Parliamentary Accountability There are some Members of Parliament (MSP) accountable as minister in Malaysia Cabinet; so, these people have two separate tasks; there is, first, the individual responsibility towards his people that he represented, and second, the collective responsibility in the government. Nevertheless, it is clear that their act is highly influenced by their political background and political parties in making decision; for example, during debating and voting process in orde r to pass a new bill or taxes.So the study of the accountability of Minister which is also MM is vital in order to tell the citizen the rower that he/she has when sit in both position. Individual ministerial responsibility states that a Minister is responsible for every action of his department. It would thus appear that ‘responsible' in this context has a rather strong meaning than in the context of collective responsibility. L In that context, it amounts to little more than an obligation than to defend and support government policy. On the other hand, reference also should be made to the two types of responsibility in example individual responsibility for policy and administration and individual responsibility or personal conduct.The division is necessary while faced with question such as: should Minister resign simply because ‘something went wrong in their department? Or should the Minister quit on the basis of personal behavior like a sex scandal? As we can see the s cenario in Malaysia in the case of Dates Series Chartist Bad Jail quits as a Minister due to her MFC scandals (bribery) which involved her family and herself. 2 Is her decision to leave his position is relevant? In my opinion, her decision is significant because a Minister shall be responsible for her personal conduct such s sincerely and honesty. Secondly, Collective ministerial responsibility emphasizes on the unanimity of government and its responsibility to parliament.The convention requires that all ministers be Jointly responsible as a team to parliament; individual ministers may not in public express views that contradict a government policy; and should be no criticisms from the decisions in public; thus convention requires that all Ministers are bound by the decisions that are taken or recommended in Cabinet and that Cabinet discussions must remain. Hence, whatever the origin of the doctrine of ministerial responsibility, the doctrine has been incorporated into the Constitut ion. 3 In conclusion, we can point out that there is vagueness on occasion as to the distinction between the two types of accountability which are both closely related and also complementary to one another. This in return has made it really difficult to address or deal with the issue of effectiveness of ministerial responsibility.Take for instance the convention that a Minister who is seriously criticized in Parliament must resign, has not taken hold because the government usually rallies behind a Minister who is being criticized in Parliament. On such an occasion, collective responsibility seems to defeat the notion of individual responsibility. The convention of collective responsibility thus becomes important in achieving party solidarity but it tends to prevent the full operation of the convention of individual responsibility. To sum up, every single matter that concluded in the parliament is always been effected by party's constitutions and policies, thus the opposition can do nothing if they have different agenda and opinion to be arise and pass.Parliamentary Privilege and Its Practice in Malaysia: An Overview Parliamentary privilege is to provide the necessary remarks in which Parliament in its corporate capacity and its members as individuals can fulfill their responsibilities to the citizens whom they represent and not to protect individual Member of Parliament (MSP). 4 Under the Malaysian Federal Constitution, there are certain articles that mention about parliamentary privileges. For example, art 63 which states that the validity of any proceedings in Parliament shall not be questioned by court. 5 Apart from art 63, art 72 can also be referred to in which it provides the same validity of proceedings in the Legislative Assembly. Despite, as parliamentary privilege does not mean to protect individual MSP, art 63(4) is an exception. To implement Justice, these privileges shall not apply to any person charged with an offence.One of the privileges of Hou ses of Parliament is right to regulate its own internal proceedings/immunity from Judicial proceeding. Article 63(1) of Federal Constitution together with art 63(2) provides that the court cannot interfere any proceedings in Parliament as well as not liable to any proceedings regarding anything said or any vote given by Members of Parliament . Another privilege is decision as to disqualification. In this particular item, as refer to art 53(1) of the Federal Constitution states that if a member of a Parliament is disqualified, the decision shall be taken as final. There is no need for the Parliament to bring the case to the court as they have their own power.Next is freedom of speech and debate. In the article, it is said that, â€Å"its essence is that no penal or coercive action should be taken against members for what is said or done in Parliament†. 6 The protection applies to activities taken in course of or in connection with parliamentary proceedings. It must also be not ed that this privilege is not personal in nature. Lastly is the freedom from arrest. In United Kingdom, this privilege does exist, but in Malaysia, no distinction in nature of the offence whether it is civil or criminal. If means rear, or the intention to commit the crime is there, no person shall be protected under this such privilege.Although these privileges are considered necessary for the proper functioning of Parliament and for the full execution of its powers, it is undeniable fact that the practice of parliamentary privilege in Malaysia faces a lot of challenges due to the fact that by asserting special owners and immunities for Parliament as a whole. And for its Members individually, Parliament throws around itself a cloak of protection which provides rights and immunities not accorded to individual citizens. In other words, when certain class of individuals are given special benefits as opposed to other class or classes of people. Issues of violations of rights and discrim ination are bound to arise. This is particularly the case of Malaysia where there is a written constitution and fundamental rights are given pride place at the same time. Hence, the following are some of the challenges facing the operation of parliamentary privileges in Malaysia.Conclusively, this research helps people to know about the operation of parliamentary privileges among members of Parliament in Malaysia but it might be limited knowledge to certain people only. Thus, it is much safer if the researcher is asking the basic question about the membership. The Legislative Jurisdiction of the Federal Parliament in Matters Involving Islamic Law In this article, the writer discusses about the capacity of the federal parliament to enact laws where such laws encompass Islamic laws is with the state legislature and not with the federal parliament. There was a dispute arose when the federal reliant passed the system of Islamic banking and tactful which automatically shake the authority of the state legislature that has full authority to enact Islamic laws.Article 73 defines the Jurisdictional scope of the laws made by parliament and the legislature, with the federal laws having application over the whole or any part of the Federation and, where appropriate, outside it and States laws having authority only in the whole or any part of the State. 9 Thus, the power of the parliament is higher than the state legislative but in this case, it involve the Islamic laws which infuse the writer which types of legislature need to get involve either the parliament or the state legislature. In Federal Constitution, there are several articles that related with this case which explained in detail the role of the legislature. In Article 77 the legislature of a state shall have power to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in any of the Lists set out in the Ninth Schedule, not being a matter in respect which parliament has power to make laws. 0 Then the Article 75 e xplained if any State law is inconsistent with a federal law, the federal law shall reveal and the state law shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void. Al As to solve this case, the Judge refers to the Article 74 of Federal Constitution that consist the three lists. List I is the Federal List, List II is the State List and List Ill is the Concurrent List. For this case, it involve the Federal List and the State List as both lists need to be understand in detailed in order to distinguish their roles and importantly to solve this case. In Federal List, it has been stated that banking is within their role and in State List only stated that it govern only personal and family law matters of Muslims.In conclusion, the authority of the parliament in Islamic banking has been proved as matters such as banking (including Islamic banking), insurance (including tactful) and companies are in the Federal list and therefore the Federal Parliament has the Jurisdiction to enact laws to gove rn this matters. Parliament has the authority under the constitution to enact Islamic law in respect of all matters (including Islamic law and tactful) save those matters reserved for the States in List II. The matters covered by List II are only those that relate to Islamic personal law. This case increase our knowledge on the function and the structure of the Parliamentary system in Malaysia as for this case it gives clear view to us about the different of legislative jurisdiction between Parliament and State Legislative.Lastly, it help us to understand in deep regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the Parliament in Malaysia which in normal situation as to compare with others like Romania, Taiwan and Ukraine that within critical situation. RESEARCH OUTCOMES / ANALYSIS Background This research was conducted according to stream which was between Science students and Art students in CIFS Ill-KM. The purpose why we carried out this research is to distinguish the general knowle dge between these two groups in the field of Parliamentary System in Malaysia. We had distributed 25 survey forms for each programmer. In order to ease our research we divided the questions into 3 types, which were Definition I. E. A Bill is a draft law, Functions ‘e the function of Parliament is to enact law, and Membership of Parliament I. E. A member of Dean Engage is a Senator.Figure 1 : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream based on Definition questions. This type of questions covered he term that used in Parliament such as Bill. Basically, only the art students know about this question because they learnt this in class. While the science students may know this if they read papers and magazines. Based on the data above, 18 students from Art programmer tend to answer correctly whereas only 12 students from Science program know the right answer. It is clearly that 72% of art students answer it right. On the other hand, only 48% get t he right answer while majority (58%) of them failed this question.In the nut shell, Science students do not concern and do not even know about our fundamental Parliamentary System. In an article from thetas, it said that â€Å"Malaysian tend to read less as they grow older, according to Malaysian National Library director-general Dates Raisin ABA Baker . â€Å"12 Besides that, the second Deputy Speaker of Ghana Parliament, Proof. Aaron Michael Quays, has called on students in the country to inculcate the habit of reading themselves, to improve on their knowledge base. According to Proof. Quays, it was only through reading that one could acquire knowledge, in order to be part of the changing world. 13 From the two sources, it is proven that the awareness of Malaysian aboutParliament is low because reading is the key to knowledge but as Malaysian grow older, they tend to read less. It can also be assumed that if they did not learn it in class, they have no effort to read it and to s earch about it by themselves. Figure 2 : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream on Function questions. Another type of question which is the functions of Malaysian Parliament, most students from both groups know more about this topic. It can be seen that the number of students that concern and aware more about the functions is higher than other topic of questions. They might aware more due to the exposition of media.For example, in thetas online, there was a news about functions of Parliament which is to enact law, â€Å"PITUITARY: The Government will table the International Transfer of Prisoners (TOP) bill 2012 when parliament reconvenes this Swept 24, in a bid to bring home Malaysian locked up abroad. â€Å"14 According to the research, even though the number of the students that aware increased, Arts Students still conquer the topic. Based on the graph above, it shows that arts students know more about Malaysian Parliamentary system. The number of arts dents that have more knowledge about this topic is 19, 2 students more than sciences students which is 17 only. Figure 3 : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream on Membership of Parliament questions. In terms of question of membership of Parliament, one study has found that Arts students are more concern about this type of questions.Based on the graph, it shows that among 25 students, 15 of them answer the questions correctly. In contrast, there are only 10 students of sciences programmer know about the membership of Parliamentary in Malaysia whereas 1 5 students do not concern very well about this tater. To be proven, different programmer have different awareness due to their subjects which are not related to this issue. In short, the topic on Membership of Parliament is rarely published in the media, this is the reason why less Sciences Students know about this. Media do play an important role in giving knowledge, especially with the topic that they do not learn in class.In Nepal newspaper, The Rising Nepal, an author stated the role of media in his article, â€Å"It plays a deciding role in assessing the political performance of the parties and the government. â€Å"15 Figure : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream. Overall, the graph illustrates the awareness of arts students pertaining to Parliamentary issues is slightly higher that sciences students. Unfortunately, the number of the students who are concern about this issue is not satisfying. From 50 students, only 9 arts students and 3 sciences students claim that they aware about Parliamentary issues which is only 24% from students in CIFS Ill-KM. our assumptions towards arts students especially Law students slumped when they themselves confess that they do not care much about this matter. In previous graphs, hey answer it correctly because they learnt it in class. On the other hand, this type of question talked about awareness which is something they get outside classes and by their own effort. As we mentioned before, usually students in Malaysia read less. Consequently, they do not have any knowledge about it and this symptom will make them failed to think out of the box. LIMITATION The hindrances that we encountered while conducting our research can be observed in distributing our survey forms and the article summary.At first, it took many hours in finding the articles on given topics and after we found the articles, it was very official to understand what the articles were all about. Such matter would lead to problems when summarizing all three articles, because understanding was important in summarizing the articles. Based on an article by Sir Swami Administration's, said that â€Å"there is also an importance in developing our understanding, even if it seems somewhat esoteric and unnecessary compared to our normal practices. Because the truth is, unless we develop some unders tanding of what we're seeking, even if we discover it, we won't likely be able to recognize it. 16 Another limitation that emerged during our research was some students did not give lull cooperation while answering our survey. For example, some of them Just filled out the answer without reading the question. Then, there were certain students who did know the answers, but they pretended like they knew it and answered wrongly. This might lead to some problems when making a conclusion. While conducting our research, the facilities in CIFS are considered as good. The process of finding the articles was easy although there were some limitations regarding the slow internet of Wi-If in Ill-KM. Next, the cooperation among members of the group was very indeed needed in giving idea to understand the articles very well.In our opinion, based on what had happened, group members should be more considerate and cooperative as we need each other in the future. CONCLUSION We certainly achieved our ob jective which is to differentiate the knowledge of arts students and sciences students regarding Parliamentary System in Malaysia. We also provide a few information about the Malaysian Parliament to those who have no idea about what is parliament during the survey process in order to create a new generation that have great concern about our own legal system. Although we have provide some knowledge to the students but we also gain a little bit knowledge urine this research process in detailed during the process of searching facts about the parliament of other nations.For instance, we learnt others name of parliament like in Afghanistan called Short, in Azerbaijan called Millie Majors and Croatia called Saber. 17 Another example, we also have learnt the current situation of our own parliament and others which expose us to the new world of parliament that shows huge different as to compare with our parliament. For recommendation, the university should provide specific subjects that com pulsory to all students like history hat enhance their basic knowledge of Malaysia. Apart from that, Malaysia's media should show more programs about Malaysia legal system to give a extra knowledge about politics in Malaysia to all Malaysian.

Scenario planning essays

Scenario planning essays Reflective learning on scenario planning practice 21 Summary, recommendations This report demonstrates the practice of scenario planning on the problem situation How might employment/career opportunities in the IS/IT industry develop in the short-term and what is a robust strategy for exploiting this situation? To begin with, the reasons and rationale from completing this report are described in some detail. Then a brief description of the scenario planning process and how it is used in the situation is discussed. The main driving forces behind the scenarios are detailed along with supporting evidence where necessary. Our four scenarios deal with the types of jobs that have been created as a result of the rapid advances in technology. In particular the technological advances in the IS/IT industry. From a number of sources available is it clear that improvements in communications technology have resulted in the increased use of handheld/wireless technologies. Teleworking has been the product of the evolution of the information economy, and in the future it is likely to spur the creation of jobs that offer an alternative to office-based work. Security jobs will always be in demand due to the constant threats posed by organisations on a daily basis. Internal auditing has also change dramatically in recent years with the introduction of new technology. Internal auditing now deals with a range of issues that include examining an organisations information systems and making recommendations on areas where improvements can be made. These trends will be expanded on in the report. A strategic plan to try and meet the demands the jobs require is also planned out. Then a commentary on the use of scenario planning is provided along with any difficulties we encountered along the way. When we face having to make decisions, there are numerous uncertainties that impinge upon the final outcome. Th...

Meiji Restoration essays

Meiji Restoration essays The Meiji Restoration was a revolutionary period during which Japan was transformed from a feudal state into a modern state. The opening of Japan's ports to Western colonial fleets showed the weakness of Tokugawa and triggered nationalist movements. In 1867 pro-imperial daimyo suggested that Tokugawa Yoshinobu should give up his place and acknowledge imperial authority. He agreed to step down, but radicals seized his palace on January 3, 1868 and proclaimed restoration under Emperor Meiji. The period when Meiji was restored Japan was a militarily weak country, primarily agricultural, and had little technological development. In an effort to change and strengthen Japan, the revolutionary leaders launched a series of economical and social reforms. Millions of people were suddenly free to choose their occupation and move without restrictions. The government started building railways and shipping lines, telephone and telegraph systems, shipyards, and many consumer industries. The government also introduced a constitution by creating an elected Parliament called the Diet to win the respect of Westerners and generate a good environment for national growth. Japan changed the entire legal system to make Westerns revise the unequal treaties which were signed in 1850s. In 1894 Westerners agreed to revise the treaties and acknowledge Japan as an equal nation. The constitution ended distinctions between classes and made people concentrate in building a new nation. In addition, the government set up new universities and new schools to teach people the modern technology. Meiji hired western teachers to assist in Japanese schools. Students were sent to Europe and the United States to study modern science and technology. Meiji government created a strong military to fight foreigners and capture new territories. It was very essential to have a strong military to stay protected from foreign invasion and show its power to other nations. Japa...

CIPD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

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The Gun- Control Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Gun- Control Debate - Essay Example A person feels a lot safe when he is in custody of a small weapon for his personal protection. These people accused the other side of politicizing this shooting issue. Therefore, there is an ongoing heated debate around the country. The proponents of gun control point out to the consequences of lax measures, whereas the opponents of gun control point to the constitutional right of possessing arms and ammunition. The Dishonest Gun- Control Debate Kevin Williamson in â€Å"The Dishonest Gun- Control Debate† has appealed to both the judgment and the emotions of the American people. The goal of this author is to convince the audience that the gun control debate is unfair and corrupt. Williamson states several rational arguments to put forward his point of view that the debate is deceitful. He argues that there is no connection between guns and crime rate and puts down several facts and figures as well as comparisons between countries. Statistics show that there is no correlation b etween guns and crime committed. There are places in the world where there are huge stockpiles of guns but no crimes, others where there are fewer guns and still less crime. Likewise, he mentions a research study by Zack Beauchamp to point out the tactics used by the politicians to manipulate the gun violence statistics. Through this, he has tried to appeal to the better sense of the American people. The writer has made an excellent use of some of the rhetoric devices to persuade the audience to his point of view. When the writer states, â€Å"We hear a lot about â€Å"gun deaths† in the United States, but we hear less often the fact that the great majority of those deaths are suicides,† he made effective use of antanagoge- criticizing and complimenting together to lessen the impact of the point. The writer has made an impressive use of epithet- a describing adjective- to appeal to the audiences’ emotions. Similarly, Williamson has mentioned an anecdote from his personal life to provide his perspective on the debate. He states that he lived years in one of the most voiced crime riddled area of New York; however, he never became a victim despite travelling late at nights. The author has made use a vibrant tone in his article. He has used some of the authoritative words and phrases to illustrate the grim of the debate. At the same time, the author has maintained an eloquent structure of writing where opinions, facts and illustrations are presented in a coherent manner. Nonetheless, Williamson has lacked in the effective usage of pathos and clearly failed to appeal to the emotions of the people. However, Williamson has, overall, made an effective use of the rhetoric devices to appeal to the sense of the people. The Gun Debate is a Cultural Debate Trevor Burrus in â€Å"The Gun Control Debate is a Cultural Debate† argues that the gun issue has always been a cultural issue. One culture argues that gun possession leads to violence while t he other follows that gun possession promotes safety. Therefore, the author in this article has tried to convince the people about the presence of cultural divide on this issue through logical reasoning as well as appealing to the community beliefs and attitudes. The writer has tried to make effective use of anecdote, epithet, appositive, apostrophe and logos to persuade the audience to his point of view. However, the logical reasoning